This new dimension provides great potential to further widen the application areas of ALM technology. While ALM is becoming popular in increasingly more domains ( Richards et al., 2013 Bogue, 2013 Bose et al., 2013 Wilhelm and Curbach, 2014 Frazier, 2014 Ivanova et al., 2013), the term of 4D printing has just been coined. This paper seeks to provide a broader review of this field and focuses on capabilities and applications ( Aissa et al., 2012).
One of the most influential ways of using intelligent materials is to incorporate them into ALM technology.
However, there is a widely held view that existing intelligent materials could find far more widespread uses and the limited commercialized materials reflect in part the many misconceptions surrounding exactly what intelligent materials are and where they can use. Many intelligent materials and products are available commercially, and the technologies continue to be the subject of worldwide academic research. Indeed, in 2013, the World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on Emerging Technologies identified a class of intelligent materials, self-healing materials, as one of the top ten most promising technological trends that can help deliver sustainable growth in future decades and which are nearing large-scale deployment. Intelligent materials have been widely promoted as a key technology that will enhance all manners of novel products with unique capabilities. The fourth dimension in 4D printing refers to the ability for material objects to change form and function after they are produced, thereby intelligent materials will be the key issue. Programmable matter (PM), here described as 4D printing, has the economic, environmental, geopolitical and strategic implications of ALM while providing new and unprecedented capabilities in transforming digital information of the virtual world into physical objects of the material world. Now a new disruptive technology is on the horizon that may take ALM to an entirely new level of capability with profound implications for society, the economy and the global operating environment of government, business and the public. Industry, government and public awareness has reached a “tipping point”, and now ALM’s current impact and future potential are recognized.
#4d printing wiki full#
The full terms of this licence may be seen at Īdditive layered manufacturing (ALM) technology has been around for nearly three decades, but only in the past two years it has captured the imagination of millions of people. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial & non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Copyright © 2017, Xin Li, Jianzhong Shang and Zhuo Wang.
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